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Bipolar disorder is one of the ten most incapacitating disorders, according to the World Health Organization, and its early diagnosis is crucial to avoid disease-related complications. Language offers a rich data source for analyzing mental disorders, and the analysis of acoustic parameters, syntax, semantic content, and language structure, in general, is a constantly evolving field. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify markers in the oral language of mania and hypomania in bipolar disorder, using recordings of clinical interviews.
We conducted our study using the EMBASE, Pubmed, IEEE, ACL Anthology, Scopus and arXiv databases.
Results show several linguistic and acoustic variations in manic and hypomanic episodes, including verbal overproduction, decreased pauses, unstable speech, and communication disorders. The studies also reveal significant spectral and energetic variations.
The data point to the existence of changes in the speech characteristics of patients with bipolar disorder in the manic or hypomanic phase. Promising results have been obtained. However, several challenges remain, and further studies are still needed to provide significant advance in diagnostic for bipolar disorder.