Methodology and Guiding Principles for Conducting Global Cross-Sectional Studies: Learnings from the Protocol of Global 3-P Study of Nomophobia in Healthcare Providers (Preprint)

Abstract

A global cross-sectional study serves as a pivotal instrument in propelling worldwide research and progress, as highlighted by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, diverse challenges, ranging from data acquisition to international cooperation, result in varied outcomes for such studies. Consequently, the development of standardized guidelines to enhance the results of extensive studies among healthcare providers is needed. The objective of this study is to discuss methodologies, initiatives, and challenges encountered during the global survey and provide guidelines for future studies to follow. From April 1, 2023, to July 1, 2023, a web-based global survey was deployed. We drafted the study instrument, selected the appropriate sample size, attained IRB exemption, and validated the survey. Additionally, we circulated a post-study feedback survey amongst collaborators to gain insights for the survey implementation. A total of ninety-two members amassed 12,319 responses from 133 countries with 91% of our nodal contacts reported employing WhatsApp™ for survey distribution. A personalized approach, strategic networking, piquing interest, and trustworthiness with a fine art of communication were claimed to be the most lucrative for gathering data. However, a general lack of interest, along with a lack of incentives for respondents, a lengthy questionnaire, geographical divergence, and privacy concerns, impeded our conversion rate. For successful project completion, we recommend a 7-point directive: survey validation, effective team organization, inclusive representation, personalized communication, maintaining momentum, use of technology, and post-survey feedback. This method paper outlines the strategies for successful survey implementation. The resultant seven-point directive would assist future researchers in conducting large-scale global cross-sectional studies.