Polyfunctional highly selective sorption materials for water purification from radionuclides and other inorganic ecotoxicatnts

Abstract

A solution to an important ecological problem is proposed ‒ the creation, on the basis of systematic research, of the scientific foundations for the purposeful production of environmentally friendly polyfunctional materials based on layered double hydroxides (LDHs), their magnetic composites and magnetic potassium zinc hexacyanoferrate with highly selective properties for purification (additional purification) of aqueous media from U(VI), 137Cs, 90Sr, 152,154Eu, Cu(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II), chromate and phosphate anions, which will make it possible to form a reserve stock of sorbents ‒ means of rapid response in the event of emergencies at nuclear power plants and other nuclear energy enterprises, to prevent pollution of ecosystems and restore their quality. It is shown that the choice of functional and analytical groups of the interlayer ligand LDH, depending on the form of existence of ecotoxicants in the aquatic environment, provides a high sorption capacity of these materials with respect to radionuclides and other inorganic ecotoxicants, and the presence of a magnetic component ‒ the manufacturability of use in water purification processes. The advantages of these sorbents over world industrial synthetic analogs are low cost, environmental safety and technological accessibility of production (without additional costs for specific conditions and reagents) and use (high-tech and personnel-safe method for separating the solid phase of the spent sorbent by magnetic separation) in decontamination processes of significant volumes of LRW and other aqueous media. The book is intended for specialists in the field of radiochemistry and ecology working in research laboratories and at enterprises of the atomic-industrial complex, for teachers, graduate students, students of chemical and environmental specialties.