Distribution of the Antibiotic-Resistant Isolates of Bacteria Belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae Family in the System Human-Aquatic Ecosystem

Abstract

The rapid development of resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs has led to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their genetic determinants of resistance in the environment. It has led to the emergence of a new threat to human health, the precondition of which is the entry of resistance genes to the human body through the food chain. Modern systems of treatment plants are not capable of complete purification of water from genetic determinants, the largest source of which is known to be hospital effluents and domestic wastewater. In the context of this problem, the study of the influence of ecological resist on the development of antibiotic resistance in the human body becomes very important. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationships between the migration of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in the system human-aquatic ecosystem. Materials and methods. To achieve the purpose, a number of microbiological studies were performed, which included the isolation of microbial isolates from water samples of the Uzh River (Ukraine), surface waters of which are a source of drinking and domestic water supply, and clinical samples from the oral cavity of patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases. Identified isolates were tested for sensitivity to antibiotics of different groups. Results and discussion. During the research experiment, bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family were isolated from the oral cavity of 64 patients with inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues, the species diversity of which was represented by the following species: Escherihia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella rhinoskleromatis, Hafnia alvei. According to the study, members of the Enterobacteriaceae family isolated from water samples showed significant resistance to antibiotics of natural origin, such as tetracycline, amipicillin and gentamicin, as well as to beta-lactams and second-generation macrolides. Conclusion. According to the results of the study, the samples of water and oral cavity were dominated by the same spectrum of gram-negative microorganisms belonging to the genera Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Escherichia and characterized by a high degree of resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides and unprotected beta-lactam antibiotics. The formation of such an antibiotic resistance in ecological and clinical samples may indicate probable migration routes of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and genetic determinants of stability in the system human-aquatic ecosystem. There is a need for further research to study the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in the environment and the development of appropriate regulations governing the conduct of sanitary and epidemiological control over the spread of microorganisms with multiple resistance in the environment