Influence of Interleukin-2 on Adaptive Reactions of Blood in Laboratory Mice under Physical Activity Conditions

Abstract

The formation of adaptive changes during physical activity remains a topical issue. Physical activity, as a stress factor, has a significant impact on blood. During exercise, various physiological processes are involved at the level of organs and systems in the body, which ensures the development of adaptation. It is known that immediately after physical activity, the number of circulating lymphocytes changes. An important role in the processes of adaptation to stress is also played by cytokines. Particular attention should be paid to interleukin-2, which is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and should determine the adaptation processes during training. Material and methods. In white mice, the effect of proinflammatory interleukin-2 on adaptation processes during training by forced swimming with additional mass was studied. The animals were injected with interleukin-2 in concentrations of 5000 IU/kg, 7500 IU/kg and 30000 IU/kg and determined the dynamics of the leukocyte formula. We also studied the activity of adaptation processes under blockade of interleukin-2 receptors. The activity of adaptation processes was judged with the help of L. H. Garkavi adaptation intensity index. It reflects the relationship of humoral and cellular links of the immune system. Results and discussion. The analysis of the adaptation intensity index value in the leukogram of mice showed heterogeneous shifts during different periods of the study. Under the influence of physical activity in all groups of animals there was an increase in the number of neutrophilic and a decrease in lymphocytes from the 2nd to the 6th week. Introduction of IL-2 in one concentration did not affect the number of eosinophils and basophils and caused a slight fluctuation in the number of young neutrophils and monocytes. At the same time, IL-2 had dose-dependent effects. Inhibition of IL-2 inhibits the production of monocytes, dramatically suppressed lymphocytes and increased the number of rod and segmented neutrophils. In low concentration IL-2 had no significant effect on adaptation to physical activity. In concentration of 30000 IU/kg, IL-2 caused the following change of reactions: increased activation (1 period) – calm activation (2-3 periods). In the concentration of 7500 IU/kg IL-2 in the 1st period provoked the stress reaction and further increased and quiet activation (2-3 periods). When blocking receptors to IL-2 there was no transition to the reaction of training or calm activation, which was an adverse factor in adaptation. Conclusion. The study showed that IL-2 had a dose-dependent effect on the leukogram of white mice during exercise. It is possible to draw a conclusion about features of such influence depending on duration of drug administration and physical activity of mice. IL-2 in different concentrations has a heterogeneous effect on the formation of the overall adaptive response of the organism