A simple mechanistic model of the invasive species Heracleum sosnowskyi propagule dispersal by wind

Author:

Chadin Ivan1,Dalke Igor2,Tishin Denis3,Zakhozhiy Ilya2,Malyshev Ruslan2

Affiliation:

1. Molecular Biology Facility, Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russian Federation

2. Laboratory of Plant Ecological Physiology, Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia

3. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation

Abstract

Background Invasive species are one of the key elements of human-mediated ecosystem degradation and ecosystem services impairment worldwide. Dispersal of propagules is the first stage of plant species spread and strongly influences the dynamics of biological invasion. Therefore, distance prediction for invasive species spread is critical for invasion management. Heracleum sosnowskyi is one of the most dangerous invasive species with wind-dispersed propagules (seeds) across Eastern Europe. This study developed a simple mechanistic model for H. sosnowskyi propagule dispersal and their distances with an accuracy comparable to that of empirical measurements. Methods We measured and compared the propagule traits (terminal velocity, mass, area, and wing loading) and release height for H. sosnowskyi populations from two geographically distant regions of European Russia. We tested two simple mechanistic models: a ballistic model and a wind gradient model using identical artificial propagules. The artificial propagules were made of colored paper with a mass, area, wing loading, and terminal velocity close to those of natural H. sosnowskyi mericarps. Results The wind gradient model produced the best results. The first calculations of maximum possible propagule transfer distance by wind using the model and data from weather stations showed that the role of wind as a vector of long-distance dispersal for invasive Heracleum species was strongly underestimated. The published dataset with H. sosnowskyi propagule traits and release heights allows for modeling of the propagules’ dispersal distances by wind at any geographical point within their entire invasion range using data from the closest weather stations. The proposed simple model for the prediction of H. sosnowskyi propagule dispersal by wind may be included in planning processes for managing invasion of this species.

Funder

RFBR and NSFB

State Tasks for IB FRC Komi SC UB RAS

Publisher

PeerJ

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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