ANALISIS PERGERAKAN KERETA REL LISTRIK UNTUK DISAIN SISTEM KESELAMATAN KERETA API OTOMATIS = ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC RAIL TRAIN MOVEMENTS FOR AUTOMATIC TRAIN PROTECTION SYSTEM DESIGN

Abstract

Abstract Result of research suggest that the cause of train accident in Indonesia is dominated by human error in the form of indiscipline road users, the absence of a doorstop at some railroad tracks, and negligence of the drivers. To minimize the train crash as a result of these matters, in particular due to errors of commuterline machinist in Jakarta-Bogor-Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi (Jabodetabek), it is required to consider use of the"Automatic Train Safety System (SKKO)", which is internationally known as Automatic Train Protection (ATP). The automatic control system requires development of software that regulatesdisplay of the MMI (Man-Machine-Interface), automatic control to manage speed of the train and others. In order to develop the software, a few thing need attention, among others, track conditions, train acceleration, deceleration braking. It has been analyzed parameters needed for the design of automated train safety systems, especially for application in commuter-line as a commuter line network in the Jakarta-Bogor-Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi (Jabodetabek), which is used by electric train (KRL) , namely the condition of the trackwhich is primarily concerned with the length of the block, the amount of headway, and others. Acceleration KRL seres trajectory that can be obtained from the results of the dynamic test, dynamic braking deceleration, pneumatic braking, emergency braking which can be obtained from the test. Results of the analysis showed that the KRL dynamic test results, namely the acceleration of each KRL, dynamic braking deceleration, deceleration pneumatic braking, emergency braking deceleration can be useful to develop algorithms todesign the train control system in such away that accidents caused by the negligence of the drivers can be minimized. Abstrak Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab kecelakaan kereta api di Indonesia di dominasi antara lain kesalahan manusia (human error) berupa ketidak disiplinan pengguna jalan, tidak adanya palang pintu di beberapa lintasan kereta api, dan adanya kelalaian masinis. Untuk meminimalkan kecelakaan kereta api akibat hal-hal tersebut, khususnya akibat kesalahan masinis komuterline di Jakarta-Bogor-Depok Tangerang-Bekasi (JABODETABEK), perlu dipertimbangkan penggunaan “Sistem Keselamatan Kereta Api Otomatis (SKKO)”.yang secara internasional dikenal sebagai automatic train protection (ATP). ATP sebagai sistem kendali otomatis membutuhkan pengembangan perangkat lunak (software) yang mengatur tampilan MMI (Man-Machine-Interface), kendali otomatis untuk mengatur kecepatan kereta. Untuk membangun software tersebut beberapa hal perlu mendapat perhatian antara lain kondisi lintasan, track, akselerasi kereta, dan deselerasi pengereman. Berdasarkan hal tersebut telah dianalisis hal-hal yang dibutuhkan untuk desain sistem keselamatan kereta api otomatis khususnya untuk penerapan pada komuterline seperti jaringan komuter line di Jakarta-Bogor-Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi (JABODETABEK), yang menggunakan kereta rel listrik (KRL), yaitu kondisi lintasan (track) terutama berkaitan dengan panjang blok, besarnya headway, dan lain-lain, akselerasi masing-masing KRL yang melayani lintasan bisa diperoleh dari hasil uji dinamis, deselerasi pengereman dinamis (dynamic braking), pengereman pneumatik(pneumatic braking), pengereman darurat (emergency braking) masing-masing KRL yang melayani lintasan yang bisa diperoleh dari hasil uji dinamis. Hasil analisa tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hasil uji dinamis KRL berupa akselerasi masing-masing KRL, deselerasi pengereman dinamis, deselerasi pengereman pneumatik, deselerasi pengereman darurat dapat bermanfaat dalam mengembangkan algoritma untuk merancang system kendali kereta sedemikian rupa sehingga kecelakaan akibat kesalahan masinis dapat diminimalkan.