ECTOPIC RENAL “OLFACTORY” RECEPTORS

Abstract

To date, the expression of both the “olfactory” receptors (OR) themselves and the components of the olfactory signaling system, «olfactory» adenylate cyclase (AC3) and “olfactory” G protein (Golf), has been found in various structural and functional parts of the kidney. In the human kidney, at least 13 genes of various “olfactory” receptors are expressed, excluding pseudogenes. Olfr 78, Gpr41, Gpr43, OR51E1, OR11H7 “olfactory” receptors have been found to play a role in the regulation of blood pressure in response to changes in the blood concentration of short-chain fatty acids, mostly produced by intestinal microbiota. The role of AC3 and G olf in renin secretion, control of SCF and obesity predisposition is shown. Olfr1393 “olfactory” receptor is supposed to be involved in glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the kidney due to functional modulation of sodium glucose cotransporter Sglt1 responsible to 3–10 % glucose reabsorption in proximal tubule. Hypotheses on the relationship of “olfactory” signaling component defects with the development of pathological syndromes, such as kidney diseases, different types of ciliopathy (Bardet–Biedl, Joubert, Meckel syndromes) and valproate administration associated Fanconi syndrome, are given. The study of “olfactory” signaling components in the structure of the kidney, as well as their role, both in physiological functions and in the development of renal pathology, creates a scientific basis that will be useful not only for nephrologists and pharmacologists, but also for clinicians of other specialties from the point of view of developing new pharmacological approaches in order to target the detected defects.