Previous Dengue Infection among Children in Puerto Rico and Implications for Dengue Vaccine Implementation

Author:

Adams Laura E.1,Hitchings Matt D. T.2,Medina Freddy A.1,Rodriguez Dania M.1,Sánchez-González Liliana1,Moore Hannah3,Whitehead Stephen S.4,Muñoz-Jordán Jorge L.1,Rivera-Amill Vanessa5,Paz-Bailey Gabriela1

Affiliation:

1. Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico;

2. University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;

3. University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;

4. Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,

5. Ponce Health Sciences University/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Limited dengue virus (DENV) seroprevalence estimates are available for Puerto Rico, which are needed to inform the potential use and cost-effectiveness of DENV vaccines. The Communities Organized to Prevent Arboviruses (COPA) is a cohort study initiated in 2018 in Ponce, Puerto Rico, to assess arboviral disease risk and provide a platform to evaluate interventions. We recruited participants from households in 38 study clusters, who were interviewed and provided a serum specimen. Specimens from 713 children aged 1 to 16 years during the first year of COPA were tested for the four DENV serotypes and ZIKV using a focus reduction neutralization assay. We assessed the seroprevalence of DENV and ZIKV by age and developed a catalytic model from seroprevalence and dengue surveillance data to estimate the force of infection for DENV during 2003–2018. Overall, 37% (n = 267) were seropositive for DENV; seroprevalence was 9% (11/128) among children aged 1 to 8 years and 44% (256/585) among children aged 9 to 16 years, exceeding the threshold over which DENV vaccination is deemed cost-effective. A total of 33% were seropositive for ZIKV, including 15% among children aged 0 to 8 years and 37% among children aged 9 to 16 years. The highest force of infection occurred in 2007, 2010, and 2012–2013, with low levels of transmission from 2016 to 2018. A higher proportion of children had evidence of multitypic DENV infection than expected, suggesting high heterogeneity in DENV risk in this setting.

Publisher

American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Subject

Virology,Infectious Diseases,Parasitology

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