The Human Mpox Global Outbreak: Available Control Tools and the Opportunity to Break a Cycle of Neglect in Endemic Countries

Author:

Nachega Jean B.12345,Mbala-Kingebeni Placide67,Rosenthal Philip J.8,Rimoin Anne W.9,Hoff Nicole A.9,Liesenborghs Laurens10,Vanlerberghe Veerle10,Andrei Graciela11,Rawat Angeli12,Wilson Lindsay A.13,Forrest Jamie13,Mills Edward J.1213,Hermans Michel P.14,Mulangu Sabue67,Ntoumi Francine1516,Zumla Alimuddin1718,Muyembe-Tamfum Jean-Jacques67

Affiliation:

1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa;

2. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;

3. Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;

4. Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;

5. Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;

6. Institut National de la Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo;

7. University of Kinshasa School of Medicine, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo;

8. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California;

9. Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California;

10. Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;

11. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;

12. Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada;

13. Platform Life Sciences, Vancouver, Canada;

14. Department of Endocrinology, St-Luc University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium;

15. Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo;

16. Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;

17. Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, United Kingdom;

18. National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The 2022 global outbreak of human Mpox (formerly monkeypox) virus (MPXV) infection outside of the usual endemic zones in Africa challenged our understanding of the virus’s natural history, transmission dynamics, and risk factors. This outbreak has highlighted the need for diagnostics, vaccines, therapeutics, and implementation research, all of which require more substantial investments in equitable collaborative partnerships. Global multidisciplinary networks need to tackle MPXV and other neglected emerging and reemerging zoonotic pathogens to address them locally and prevent or quickly control their worldwide spread. Political endorsement from individual countries and financial commitments to maintain control efforts will be essential for long-term sustainability.

Publisher

American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Subject

Virology,Infectious Diseases,Parasitology

Reference36 articles.

1. A review of experimental and natural infections of animals with monkeypox virus between 1958 and 2012;Parker,2013

2. A human infection caused by monkeypox virus in Basankusu Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo;Ladnyj,1972

3. Maternal and fetal outcomes among pregnant women with human monkeypox infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo;Mbala,2017

4. Temporal and spatial dynamics of monkeypox in Democratic Republic of Congo, 2000–2015;Mandja,2019

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