1. Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali;
2. Division of Malaria Research, Institute for Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;
3. Aix Marseille University, UMR MD3, Marseille, France;
4. UMR ESPACE-DEV, IRD, Maison de la Télédétection, Montpellier, France;
5. Aix Marseille University, IRD, INSERM, SESSTIM, Marseille, France