Chronic rhinosinusitis: Allergy and sinus computed tomography relationships

Abstract

The management of chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis problems is multifaceted and should include consideration of contributory and potentially correctable medical and anatomic factors. To date, the relationship between allergy and rhinosinusitis has not been clearly defined. The purpose of this study is to improve understanding of the relative roles of perennial and seasonal allergens in the cause of chronic rhinosinusitis. A retrospective review of 200 consecutive patients was carried out on patients who had chronic rhinosinusitis refractory to medical therapy and who subsequently underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery. All of these patients had allergy testing for common perennial and seasonal inhalant allergens before surgery. Each patient had sinus CT imaging before undergoing the surgery. The CT scans of each patient were staged according to a validated, standardized grading system by investigators blinded to allergic profile. Allergy testing indicated that 84% of all patients tested positive for allergies. Moreover, 60% of all patients had significant allergic sensitivity; 52% of all patients had multiple allergen sensitivities. Furthermore, there was a predominance of perennial allergens, especially house dust mite over seasonal allergens. The vast majority of our patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery had concomitant allergy. This study highlights the potential contribution of perennial allergies to the development of rhinosinusitis. Given this direction, future studies may reveal that in the care of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, early intervention with identification of the offending allergen(s), and subsequent treatment through avoidance, pharmacotherapy, and/or immuno-therapy may help in the prevention of recurrent and chronic rhinosinusitis.