PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease): A Review Article

Abstract

PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) is the most common endocrine illness in women of reproductive age, and it's linked to a higher rate of depression and anxiety symptoms. It was proposed in 1989-1995 that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was caused by androgen secretion dysregulation causing functional ovarian hyperandrogenism (FOH). This theory has been supported and elaborated upon by subsequent studies. When defined as otherwise unexplained hyperandrogenic oligoanovulation, two-thirds of PCOS cases demonstrate functionally typical FOH, which is characterized by 17-hydroxyprogesterone hyperresponsiveness to gonadotropin stimulation. Two-thirds of patients with PCOS have FOH detectable by testosterone rise when adrenal androgen production is reduced. About 3% of PCOS individuals suffer with isolated functional adrenal hyperandrogenism. This review discusses the possible causes of this increased risk as well as therapeutic possibilities. Conclusion: Uncontrolled steroidogenesis, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and hereditary variables all play a role in PCOS pathogenesis, which may begin as early as prenatal life. Additional research is needed to bridge the gap between the many susceptibility variables that may play a role in PCOS.