Research on Improvement of Detection of Pb2+ in Environment Waters by Graphene/Nafion Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Abstract

An electrochemical determination of Pb2+ by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry in various waters using a glassy carbon electrode modified with graphene/Nafion mixture has been developed. A series of optimum conditions such as graphene concentration, modifying amount, Nafion concentration, scanning speed, pH, accumulation potential and time were optimized. Under optimal experiments, some evaluation indexes were analyzed. Graphene/Nafion/GCE was successfully used in the detection and quantification of Pb2+ in various real water samples using three methods above. Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry method that is adopted to study the linear range and the detection limit for Pb2+ proved to be more effective than the other two. The wider range is 0.02∼24.15 μM, the lower detection limit is 5.1 mM and the recovery is 96.1%∼109.0%. To sum up, it will provide a theoretical basis and the practical method for the analysis of heavy metal polltants in different kinds of water.