Green Electrochemical Sensing: Novel Ion-Selective Electrode Method for Precise Determination of Dimenhydrinate and its Metabolite along with Cinnarizine in Pharmaceutical and Plasma Samples

Abstract

Green and sustainable scientific research is crucial for health and environmental improvement. Electrochemical analysis simplifies complex processes, saving time and cost. Ion selective electrode method, a key in green analytical chemistry, was utilized. A highly selective solid contact sensor was developed for two applications, detecting cinnarizine (CIN) and dimenhydrinate (DMH) in pharmaceuticals, and identifying CIN and diphenhydramine (DIP) in human plasma. Careful selection of ionophores ensured accurate detection. Multi-wall carbon-nanotubes (MWCNTs) facilitate rapid and precise measurement. The concentration range for CIN, DMH, and DIP was 1 × 10−6 M to 1 × 10−2 M, with mean recovery% of 100.07 ± 0.80, 100.12 ± 0.76, and 100.07 ± 0.53, respectively. Validation parameters exhibited accuracy and precision, with accuracy results of 100.87 ± 0.89, 99.96 ± 0.42, and 99.82 ± 0.31, and LODs of 0.5 × 10−6, 1.0 × 10−7, and 0.2 × 10−6 for CIN, DMH, and DIP, respectively. The study highlighted benefits like speed, economy, and sustainability, emphasizing the electrode’s reusability. SWOT analysis and environmental assessments further underscored its advantages, promising applications in pharmaceutical analysis and quality control.