Highly Efficient Electrochemical Oxidation of Carbamazepine Using a Novel Graphene Nanoplatelet-doped PbO2 Electrode: Characteristics, Efficiency, and Mechanism

Author:

Wu Duoer,He Cong,Feng Yang,Ding Yangcheng,Yan Yan,Ma Xiangjuan,Feng Huajun,Xia YijingORCID

Abstract

A novel graphene nanoplatelet (GN)-doped PbO2 electrode was fabricated and utilized to pulse electrochemical oxidize carbamazepine (CBZ) in aquesous solution. The GN-PbO2 electrode differed from a pure PbO2 electrode in that it exhibited higher surface roughness, smaller particle size, larger specific surface area, greater oxidation peak current, smaller charge transfer resistance, and higher oxygen evolution potential. After electrolysis for 90 min, 94.74% of CBZ and 45.15% of chemical oxygen demand could be removed at an initial pH of 3, pulsed frequency of 3000 Hz, current density of 20 mA cm−2, and pulsed duty cycle of 50%. Additionally, the primary electrochemical oxidation mechanism at the GN-PbO2 anode was indirect radical oxidation and the degradation pathway of CBZ in pulsed electrochemical oxidation was investigated and clarified considering the identified intermediate products and theoretical computations. The results demonstrate that pulsed electrochemical oxidation based on GN-PbO2 electrodes is a promising approach to increasing the viability of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment by electrochemical technologies.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

The Electrochemical Society

Subject

Materials Chemistry,Electrochemistry,Surfaces, Coatings and Films,Condensed Matter Physics,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

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