1. Department of Surgery, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
2. Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
3. Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Infection Prevention and Control, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
4. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
5. Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.