1. Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
2. Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
4. Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas.