1. Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China.
2. Asian Institute of TeleSurgery/IRCAD Taiwan Training Center, Changhua County, Taiwan, Republic of China.
3. Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
4. National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
5. Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China.
6. Department of Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China.
7. Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
8. Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang-Bing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan, Republic of China.