Identification of Potential Biomarkers and Metabolic Profiling of Serum in Ovarian Cancer Patients Using UPLC/Q-TOF MS

Abstract

Background/Aims: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a malignant neoplasm of the female reproductive system with a high mortality rate. Identifying useful biomarkers and clarifying the molecular pathogenesis of OC are critical for early diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the study was to identify candidate biomarkers and explore metabolic changes of OC. Methods: A two-stage design was used in our study, with a discovery cohort of OC cases (n = 30) and controls (n = 30) and an independent cohort of cases (n = 17) and controls (n = 18) for validation. The serum metabolic profiling was investigated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-fight mass spectrometry with positive electrospray ionization. Results: A total of 18 metabolites closely related to OC were identified in the discovery stage, of which 12 were confirmed in the validation cohort. Metabolic pathways in OC related to these biomarkers included fatty acid β-oxidation, phospholipid metabolism, and bile acid metabolism, which are closely related to the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Multiple logistic regression analysis of these metabolites showed that 2-piperidinone and 1-heptadecanoylglycerophosphoethanolamine were potential biomarkers of OC, with high sensitivity (96.7%), specificity (66.7%), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value (0.894). Conclusion: These findings provide insight into the pathogenesis pathogenesis of OC and may be useful for clinical diagnosis and treatment.