Etelcalcetide Inhibits the Progression of Left Atrial Volume Index Compared to Alfacalcidol in Hemodialysis Patients

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Increased left atrial (LA) size is a risk factor for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. It is closely related to left ventricular hypertrophy and chronic volume overload, both of which are common in hemodialysis. Calcimimetic treatment with etelcalcetide (ETL) previously showed an inhibitory effect on left ventricular mass index (LVMI) progression in this population. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a post hoc analysis of the EtECAR-HD trial, where 62 patients were randomized to ETL or alfacalcidol (ALFA) for 1 year. LA volume index (LAVI) was measured using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The aim of the study was to investigate whether ETL was associated with a change of LAVI. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Median baseline levels of LAVI were 40 mL/m² (31, 54 IQR) in the ETL group and 36 mL/m² (26, 46 IQR) in the ALFA group. In the ITT population, the change of LAVI was 5.0 mL/m² [95% CI: −0.04, 10] lower under ETL, compared to ALFA (<i>p</i> = 0.052, <i>R</i><i>²_adj</i> = 0.259). In the PP population, the difference in LAVI changes widened to 5.8 [95% CI: 0.36, 11], <i>p</i> = 0.037, <i>R</i><i>²_adj</i> = 0.302). Secondary analysis showed that the study delta of LVMI was correlated with the LAVI delta (<i>r</i> = 0.387) and that an inclusion of LVMI delta in the ANCOVA model mediated the effect on LAVI delta to <i>β</i> = 3.3 [95% CI: −0.04, 10] (<i>p</i> = 0.2, <i>R</i><i>²_adj</i> = 0.323). The same could not be observed for parameters assessing the volume status. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The analysis indicates that ETL could inhibit LAVI progression compared with ALFA. This effect was mediated by the change of LVMI.