Giant Chorioangiomas: Perinatal Outcomes and Techniques in Fetoscopic Devascularization

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the intrauterine management and perinatal outcome of pregnancies complicated by giant placental chorioangioma (>4 cm) and elaborate on various devascularization techniques. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of 10 cases of giant placental chorioangioma evaluated between January 2005 and August 2012. Maternal demographics, prenatal imaging, response to fetoscopic treatment, obstetrical complications, and perinatal outcomes were evaluated. Results: Overall survival was 80%. Seven (70%) cases were associated with obstetrical complications, including polyhydramnios (n = 7), non-immune hydrops (n = 3), and high cardiac output state (n = 5). Five patients underwent fetoscopic devascularization at a mean gestational age of 24.03 weeks with 80% survival. The tumors were devascularized by bipolar coagulation (n = 1), combination of bipolar and diode laser (n = 2), bipolar and radiofrequency ablation (n = 1), and surgical clip application (n = 1). Postoperatively, all survivors had resolution of hydrops and high cardiac output states with survival beyond 60 days of life. Discussion: Fetoscopic devascularization is indicated for high cardiac output states or non-immune hydrops and may require multiple techniques including bipolar coagulation, clip application, and/or laser to interrupt arterial inflow and devascularize the mass.