Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B Genotypes in Mexican Children and Women

Abstract

Objective: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is widely distributed and constitutes the main cause of congenital infections worldwide. CMV transmission during pregnancy represents one of the major impacts of this virus on public health. This study aimed at assessing glycoprotein B (gB) CMV genotypes in Mexican children and pregnant women, since there is limited information regarding CMV genomic diversity in Mexico. Methods: We analyzed CMV strains detected in Mexican children (n = 38) and women (n = 38) between 2001 and 2012. A fragment of the gB gene was amplified and sequenced, and genotypes were defined based on prototype sequences. Results: The gB1 genotype was detected more frequently in children (68.4%) compared to women (31.6%; p = 0.0028), while genotype 2 was more common in women (65.8%) compared to children (26.3%, p = 0.0012). Genotype 3 was uncommon in both groups (5.3 and 2.6%). Nucleotide sequences exhibited a high degree of similarity to prototype strains. However, we identified 17 distinct sequences that resulted in changes in the encoded amino acid sequence in four strains. Conclusions: gB1 and gB2 are the most common strains associated with CMV infection in Mexican children and women. In addition, we found that the frequency for each genotype differed amongst them, possibly due to variability in transmission or reactivation dynamics.