Safety Profile and Effectiveness of Dapagliflozin in Pediatric Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Nephroprotection in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a major positive impact, both on residual renal function and on quality of life, by delaying the need for renal replacement therapy. To this day, nephroprotective drugs used in children are mainly limited to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers; interestingly, as suggested by trials conducted in adults with CKD, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) might also be beneficial to pediatric patients. However, there are no validated data to this date documenting the effect of SGLT2i in pediatric patients with CKD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We present a retrospective single-center study reporting the use of dapagliflozin in pediatric patients with CKD, aiming to evaluate dapagliflozin safety profile as well as its potential for renal protection. Our study describes 7 patients with a mean age of 13.3 years (+/− 7.029) presenting with identified glomerulopathy, leading to CKD and already treated by ACE inhibitors. Patients received a daily dose of dapagliflozin of 5 or 10 mg. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Over a period of 15 months, all patients reported the medication as easy to use. After an initial dip, estimated glomerular filtration rate decline slope stabilized in all patients. Urinary albumin-over-creatinine ratio had a strong tendency to decrease after 6 months of treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.0684). Systolic blood pressure also had a tendency to decrease after 6 months of treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.1). No significant side effect was reported by the patients. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The promising results presented in this study support the use of SGLT2i in pediatric patients with CKD, although larger, randomized controlled trials in pediatric patients are necessary to better characterize their effectiveness in this particular population.