Application of Percutaneous Holmium Laser Lithotripsy in the Treatment of Bladder Calculi with Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction or Pelvic Joint Disease

Abstract

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim was to summarize the experience of percutaneous holmium laser lithotripsy in the treatment of bladder calculi with lower urinary tract obstruction or pelvic joint disease in our hospital, explore its efficacy and safety, and improve the minimally invasive surgical technique for bladder calculi. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The clinical data of 61 patients with bladder calculi combined with lower urinary tract obstructive diseases, including urethral stricture, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and bladder neck contracture or pelvic joint diseases in our hospital from 2017 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients with bladder stones measuring 1.5–9 cm were placed in supine or lithotomy position. B-scan was conducted to locate the puncture above the pubic symphysis, establishing a 16–30 Fr bladder channel, and Lumenis holmium laser lithotripsy was subsequently performed through a Li Xun Nephroscope. The crushed stones were flushed out through the percutaneous bladder channel or taken out with foreign body forceps. After surgery, the cystostomy tube was indwelled for 3 days. <b><i>Results:</i></b> All the 61 cases were operated successfully with an average lithotripsy time of 25 min, and there was no conversion to open surgery. Postoperative reexamination showed neither residual calculi nor complications such as severe infection, massive hemorrhage, and intestinal injury. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Percutaneous holmium laser lithotripsy is an improved minimally invasive surgical technique for the treatment of bladder calculi with the advantages of clear surgical field, high stone removal efficiency, less trauma, low-pressure bladder perfusion, and low incidence of accessory injury and infection. For patients with lower urinary tract obstructive disease resulting in obstruction of transurethral surgery and patients with pelvic joint disease resulting in difficult lithotomy position placement, this procedure is more advantageous than transurethral surgery. It is also suitable for bladder calculus with a long diameter &#x3e;5 cm or multiple calculi.