Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Radical Cystectomy Decreases Postoperative Complications at Different Times

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> This study aimed to assess whether enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) improves, at different time points, postoperative complications in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a retrospective monocentric study using prospectively maintained databases including all patients treated by radical cystectomy between January 2015 and July 2019. An ERAS protocol was applied in all patients from February 2018. We analyzed and compared between non-ERAS and ERAS groups early and 90-day postoperative complications and 90-day readmission. ERAS was analyzed to know its implication in fast recovery improvement over time. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 150 patients underwent radical cystectomy, 74 without ERAS and 76 with ERAS protocol. ERAS decreased significantly early (<i>p</i> = 0.039) and 90-day (0.012) postoperative complications. In multivariate analysis, ERAS was an independent factor associated with less early (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.25–0.96; <i>p</i> = 0.37) and 90-day (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.14–0.68; <i>p</i> = 0.004) postoperative complications. There was no significant difference between groups for 90-day readmission (<i>p</i> = 0.349). Mean length of stay did not differ significantly between ERAS and non-ERAS groups (12.7 ± 6.2 and 13.1 ± 5.7 days, respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.743). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Our study shows that ERAS has an early positive impact that lasts over time on postoperative complications. ERAS implementation has decreased early and 90-day postoperative complications without increasing 90-day readmission. In our cohort, length of stay was not improved with ERAS protocol.