Quantitative Autofluorescence at AMD’s Beginnings Highlights Retinal Topography and Grading System Differences: ALSTAR2 Baseline

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The aims of the study were to describe baseline quantitative (short-wavelength) autofluorescence (qAF) findings in a large pseudophakic cohort at age-related macular degeneration (AMD)’s beginnings and to assess qAF8 as an outcome measure and evaluate Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) and Beckman grading systems. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In the ALSTAR2 baseline cohort (NCT04112667), 346 pseudophakic eyes of 188 persons (74.0 ± 5.5 years) were classified as normal (<i>N</i> = 160 by AREDS, 158 by Beckman), early AMD (eAMD) (<i>N</i> = 104, 66), and intermediate AMD (iAMD) (<i>N</i> = 82, 122). Groups were compared via mean qAF intensities in a 6°–8° annulus (qAF8) and maps of differences between observations and the overall mean, divided by standard deviation (Z-score). <b><i>Results:</i></b> qAF8 did not differ significantly among diagnostic groups by either stratification (<i>p</i> = 0.0869 AREDS; <i>p</i> = 0.0569 by Beckman). Notably, 45 eyes considered eAMD by AREDS became iAMD by Beckman. For AREDS-stratified eyes, <i>Z</i>-score maps showed higher centrally located qAF for normal, near the mean in eAMD, and lower values for iAMD. Maps deviated from this pattern for Beckman-stratified eyes. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In a large sample of pseudophakic eyes, qAF8 does not differ overall from normal aging to iAMD but also does not capture the earliest AMD activity in the macula lutea. AREDS classification gives results more consistent with a slow decline in histologic autofluorescence than Beckman classification.