Predictors of an Extended Length of Stay following an Elective Craniotomy in Children and Young Adults

Abstract

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Length of stay (LOS) is now a generally accepted clinical metric within the USA. An extended LOS following an elective craniotomy can significantly impact overall costs. Few studies have evaluated predictors of an extended LOS in pediatric neurosurgical patients. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of the study was to determine predictors of an extended hospital LOS following an elective craniotomy in children and young adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> All pediatric patients and young adults undergoing an elective craniotomy between January 1, 2010, and April 1, 2019, were retrospectively identified using a prospectively maintained database. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and surgical data were collected. The primary outcome was extended LOS, defined as a postsurgical stay greater than 7 days. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 1,498 patients underwent 1,720 elective craniotomies during the study period over the course of 1,698 hospitalizations with a median LOS of 4 days (interquartile range 3–6 days). Of these encounters, 218 (12.8%) had a prolonged LOS. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that non-Caucasian race (OR = 1.9 [African American]; OR = 1.6 [other]), the presence of an existing shunt (OR = 1.8), the type of craniotomy (OR = 0.3 [vascular relative to Chiari]), and the presence of a postoperative complication (OR = 14.7) were associated with an extended LOS. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Inherent and modifiable factors predict a hospital stay of more than a week in children and young adults undergoing an elective craniotomy.