Modern approaches to nonspecific treatment and prevention of <i>Verruca plantaris</i> palmoplantar warts. A review

Abstract

In this work, we carry out a review of scientific literature in the fields of medical dermatology and medical microbiology concerning the etiological factors of palmoplantar warts, i.e., human papillomaviruses (HPV) and marsupial fungi of the Trichophyton rubrum species of the Arthrodermataceae family. A content analysis of the socially significant topic of the most common and often recurrent infectious and inflammatory diseases of the foot and palm skin is conducted. The etiological factor is represented by the resident inhabitants of the human skin microbiome with a ubiquitous distribution, the opportunistic fungi Trichophyton rubrum (Castell.), Sabour., 1911, in symbiosis with non-oncogenic types of human papillomaviruses 1, 3, 27, 29, and 57. The review presents a conceptual analysis of the microbiological properties of symbionts, which are clinically significant in medical microbiology, diagnostic methods, and current approaches to treating the disease. The efficacy, advantages, and disadvantages of chemotherapeutic, physical, and surgical methods are discussed. The problems associated with frequent recurrences of warts and the lack of a unified effective treatment approach are described. A method for non-invasive treatment of plantar warts using silver nitrate, which ensures a reduction in the proportion of relapses to 8% over a 3-year observation period, is presented. Signs of the pathomorphological process develop in the epidermis and dermis with the participation of opportunistic fungi and/or HPV viruses against the background of immunodeficiency, such as HIV infection.