1. The Tokyo Major War Crimes Trial: The Records of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, R. John Pritchard, ed. and comp., Vol. 2 (Lewiston, NY: Edward Mellen Press, 1998), xxv.
2. The United Nations War Crimes Commission, History of the United Nations War Crimes Commission and the Development of the Laws of War (Buffalo: William S. Hein, 2006), p. 91.
3. Neil Boister and Robert Cryer, The Tokyo International Military Tribunal: A Reappraisal [hereafter The Tokyo IMT] (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), p. 18.
4. Benjamin B. Ferencz, “War Crimes Trials: The Holocaust and the Rule of Law,” in In Pursuit of Justice: Examining the Evidence of the Holocaust (Washington, DC: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 1995), p. 16.
5. Mark Eykholt, “Aggression, Victimization, and Chinese Historiography of the Nanjing Massacre,” in Joshua A. Fogel, ed., The Nanjing Massacre in History and Historiography (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000), pp. 18–19.