1. Anthony King, Urbanism, Colonialism, and the World-Economy: Cultural and Spatial Foundations of the World Urban System (London: Routledge, 1990), 1.
2. Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2003), 9–10.
3. James Duffy, Portuguese Africa (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1959), 2.
4. Hudson Institute, Angola: Some Views of Development Prospects, vol. 1 (New York: Hudson Institute, 1969), 133.
5. William Cunningham Bissell, “Between Fixity and Fantasy: Assessing the Spatial Impact of Colonial Urban Dualism,” Journal of Urban History 37, 2 (2011): 208–29.