1. See F. Moretti (1998) Atlas of the European Novel: 1800–1900 (London: Verso).
2. I have borrowed this logic from Greimas and Rastier, who first argued that all semiotic oppositions — such as ‘nature vs. culture’ — presuppose by necessity both a common term and a term of universal exclusion (or ‘negation of the negation’). See A. J. Greimas and F. Rastier (1968) ‘The Interaction of Semiotic Constraints’, Yale French Studies, 41, 86–105.
3. M. Shelley (2008) Frankenstein, or, The Modern Prometheus: The 1818 Text, ed. M. Butler (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
4. W. Scott (1827) ‘On the Supernatural in Fictitious Composition; and particularly on the works of Ernest Theodore William Hoffmann’, Foreign Quarterly Review, 1.1, 60–98 (81)
5. On this concept, see W. Montag (2005) ‘On the Function of the Concept of Origin: Althusser’s Reading of Locke’, Current Continental Theory and Modern Philosophy, ed. S. H. Daniel (Evanston: Northwestern University Press), pp. 148–61.