1. See R. Williams (1983) Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society, 2nd edn (New York: Oxford University Press), pp. 183–8.
2. See J. Arac (2009) ‘What Kind of History Does a Theory of the Novel Require?’, Novel XLII, 2, 190–5.
3. See H. Levin (1963) ‘Literature as an Institution’, in The Gates of Horn (New York: Oxford University Press), pp. 16–23.
4. See J. Arac (1989) Commissioned Spirits: The Shaping of Social Motion in Dickens, Carlyle, Melville, and Hawthorne (New York: Columbia University Press), pp. 23–31,
5. and E. W. Said (1975) Beginnings: Intention and Method (New York: Basic Books), pp. 224–61.