1. For a brief but instructive overview of Enlightenment reactions to magic and demonology, and the encroaching medicalisation of witchcraft, possession and related phenomena such as religious ecstasy and enthusiasm in the eighteenth century, see Roy Porter, ‘Witchcraft and Magic in Enlightenment, Romantic and Liberal Thought’, in Bengt Ankarloo and Stuart Clark (eds), Witchcraft and Magic in Europe: The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (London: Athlone Press, 1999), pp. 219–35.
2. William Edward Hartpole Lecky, History of the Rise and Influence of the Spirit of Rationalism in Europe, 2 vols (London, 1865), Vol. I, p. 90. This work was printed in countless later editions.
3. Wilhelm Gottfried Soldan, Geschichte der Hexenprozesse aus dem Quellen Dargestellt (Stuttgart: Cotta, 1843); Joseph Hansen, Zauberwahn, Inquisition und Hexenprozess in Mittelalter und die Entstehung der Grossen Hexenverfolgung (Leipzig: Oldenbourg, 1900); Hansen, Quellen und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte des Hexenwahns und der Hexenverfolgung im Mittelalter (Bonn: C. Georgi, 1901).
4. E. William Monter, ‘The Historiography of European Witchcraft: Progress and Prospects’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History 2 (1971–72) 435; Ronald Hutton, The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 132. Chapter 8 of this work (‘Finding a Witchcraft’) contains a very useful summary of the post-Enlightenment and nineteenth-century historical reaction to witchcraft.
5. James Russell Lowell, ‘Witchcraft’, in Lowell, Among My Books (London: Trübner, 1870), pp. 81–150.