1. Geoffrey Crossick, An Artisan Elite in Victorian Society: Kentish London, 1840–1880 (London: Taylor & Francis, 1978)
2. Robert Q. Gray, The Labour Aristocracy in Victorian Edinburgh (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976) pp. 33, 40, 122–6.
3. Edward P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class, rev. edn, (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1988), pp. 375–83, 401, 457
4. Malcolm Chase, Early Trade Unionism, Fraternity, Skill and the Politics of Labour (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000), p. 66
5. Simon Cordery, British Friendly Societies: 1750–1914 (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2003).