1. Giovanni Sartori, The Theory of Democracy Revisited (Chatham NJ: Chatham House, 1987), 213–14.
2. Robert Alan Dahl, Dilemmas of Pluralist Democracy: Autonomy vs. Control (New Haven CT: Yale University Press, 1982), 106–7.
3. Robert N. Berki, “State and Society: An Antithesis of Modern Political Thought,” in State and Society in Contemporary Europe, ed. Jack Hayward and Robert N. Berki (Oxford: Martin Robertson, 1979), 2–3.
4. Metin Heper, “The Strong State as a Problem for the Consolidation of Democracy—Turkey and Germany Compared,” Comparative Political Studies 25, no. 2 (1992): 170.
5. Metin Heper, “Political Culture as a Dimension of Compatibility,” in Turkey and the West: Changing Political and Cultural Identities, ed. Metin Heper, Ayse Oncu and Heinz Kramer (London: I. B. Tauris, 1993), 15.