1. The Vita appears in Gerhard Rauschen, Die Legende Karls des Grossen im 11. und 12. Jahrhundert (Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1890), pp. 1–94.
2. I have used The Journey of Charlemagne to Jerusalem and Constantinople, ed. and trans. Jean-Louis G. Picherit (Birmingham, AL: Summa Publications, 1984). The translations are Picherit’s.
3. Patrick J. Geary, Furta Sacra: Thefts of Relics in the Central Middle Ages (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978) pp. 6–9.
4. Ronald N. Walpole, “The ‘Pèlerinage of Charlemagne’: Poem, Legend, and Problem,” Romance Philology 8 (1955): 182.
5. Historia Karoli Magni et Rotholandi ou Chronique du Pseudo-Turpin: Textes revus et publiés d’aprés 40 manuscrits, ed. Cyril Meredith Jones (Paris: Droz, 1936).