1. Ahmad, Feroz (1985): The Transition to Democracy in Turkey, Third World Quarterly, 7 (2): 211–226.
2. — (1996): The Making of Modern Turkey, London: Routledge (reprint).
3. Alici, D. M. (1996): The Role of Culture, History and Language in Turkish National Identity Building: An Overemphasis on Central Asian Roots, Central Asian Survey, 15 (2): 217–231.
4. Alpay, Shahin (1993): Journalists: Cautious Democrats, in: Metin Heper„ Ayse Oncu and Heinz Kramer (eds.): Turkey and the West. Changing Political and Cultural Identities, London: I.B. Tauris.
5. Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal (1927): A Speech Delivered by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk1927 (Nutuk), Istanbul: Ministry of Education Printing Plant, 1963.