1. Arend Lijphart, Democracies:Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in Twenty-One Countries (New Haven:Yale University Press, 1984), 1.
2. Samuel Issacharoff, Pamela Karlan, and Richard Pildes, The Law of Democracy:Legal Structure of the Political Process (Westbury, NY:Foundation Press, 1998), 1.
3. Robert A. Dahl, Polyarchy:Participation and Opposition (New Haven:Yale University Press, 1971).
4. James Madison, “Federalist No. 47,” The Federalist Papers, Roy Fairfield, ed. (Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981), 139.
5. Ira Glasser, “Visions of Liberty,” August 11, 1996, American Civil Liberties Union, available at Accessed November 1, 2004.