Appropriate needle penetration depth for intramuscular injections depends on the injection site, recipient arm position, and injection technique: A randomized crossover study

Author:

Maeda Kosuke1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University

Publisher

Japan Society of Nursing Research

Reference28 articles.

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023a). Updated (2023 - 24 formula) Moderna COVID-19 vaccine. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/moderna/downloads/vaccine-at-a-glance.pdf

2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023b). Updated (2023 - 24 formula) Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/pfizer/downloads/vaccine-at-a-glance.pdf

3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023c). Vaccine recommendations and guidelines of the ACIP: General best practice guidelines for immunization. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/general-recs/downloads/general-recs.pdf

4. Cook, I. F. (2011). An evidence based protocol for the prevention of upper arm injury related to vaccine administration (UAIRVA). Human Vaccines, 7 (8), 845-848. https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.7.8.16271

5. Cook, I. F., Williamson, M., & Pond, D. (2006). Definition of needle length required for intramuscular deltoid injection in elderly adults: An ultrasonographic study. Vaccine, 24 (7), 937-940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.08.098

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