Reduction of Chronic Hyperinsulinemia (Insulin Resistance) for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancerous Disease: The Crucial Role of Caloric Restriction

Abstract

Gene’s expression changes with nutrition and physical activity and hormones signaling like insulin. A Western lifestyle may increase cancer risk through alterations in the metabolism of insulin and insulin-like growth factors. The anabolic signals by insulin or IGF-I can promote tumour development by inhibiting apoptosis, and by stimulating cell proliferation. There is dynamic change in gene expression in response to nutritional availability [1]. A clear association between adiposity, physical inactivity and Western diet, and the risk of incident cancer, cancer recurrence and mortality after “curative” surgery is increasing. Insulin Resistance Status characterized by hyperinsulinemia is associated with an excessive increased risk for a number of malignancies. An increasing clinical, biological and epidemiological evidence sustain that Insulin-IGFs System has been implicated in breast, prostate, pediatric, colon-recto and gynecological cancers, including sarcomas, epithelial cancers, multiple myeloma and melanoma. Chronic hyperinsulinaemia may be a cause of cancers of the colon, pancreas, endometrium, breast, prostate, ovarium, and possibly of the lung, and may predispose strongly to melanoma development; reducing the hormone-vitamin D anticancerigen action [2].