Abstract
Lithium (Li), a well-known immunomodulatory agent, has been in use for the treatment of several infectious diseases. Li
mainly acts through GSK3β inactivation and several other signalling pathways, which are directly involved in the activation
of innate immune system. Li therapy has been shown to cause effective modulation of various inflammatory cytokines, and
has also been shown to boost immunity in several disease models. Apart from treatment for mania, Li has also been proved
to be effective against infections caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and certain life-style disorders. Its effects, ranging
from common defensive capabilities to complex pathways for protection of human body, make Li extraordinary. Thus, Li
is an absolute requirement that can be a solution for some of the immune related disorders. This review mainly focuses on
pharmacology, immune reactions of different cell types, and anti-infectious activities of Li.
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