Implementation of BIM-GIS Geometry for User Navigation in the Indoor Environment: A Review

Abstract

The integration between Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS) is frequently discussed from time to time due to the benefits offered, especially for user navigation in the building’s indoor environment. Inequality in terms of 3D geometry and level of detail was identified as contributing to the difficulty in integrating the two models. Although there are limitations, various studies have been conducted to improve the method of integration so that the data can be utilised successfully. Therefore, this paper focuses on reviewing relevant research papers to (1) identify the basic information and structure of BIM and GIS models, (2) study the relationship and integration that occurs between the two types of models at the model geometry level, and (3) identify the application of the user navigation to the indoor building environment and highlight the future direction for the integration of BIM and GIS study. From this study, it can be identified that the standardised geometry schemes are the keys to the success of BIM and GIS integration. It can indirectly enhance the interoperability of data and helps in the development of a holistic data model for a broader scope of application. Particularly in the era of rapid development of machine learning, deep learning and internet of things (IoT) technology, where the application of integrated products through semantic web methods is seen to have an expansive room to grow significantly for location-based services (LBS) and emergency application.