Relationships Among Water Potential Components, Relative Water Content, and Stomatal Resistance of Field-Grown Peanut Leaves1

Abstract

Abstract Limited data exist describing the physiological responses of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants to tissue water deficits. Detailed field experiments which accurately define the water status of both the plant and soil are required to better understand the effects of water stress on a peanut crop. The objectives of the present study were 1) to describe the changes in leaf water potential components during a drying cycle, and 2) to define the relationships among soil water content, leaf water potential, leaf turgor potential, relative water content, leaf-air temperature differential, and leaf diffusive resistance as water stress was imposed on a peanut crop. During a 28-day drying period where both rainfall and irrigation were withheld from peanut plants, midday measurements of the physiological parameters and volumetric soil water contents were taken concurrently. As soil drying progressed, water extraction from the upper soil depths was limited as soil moisture approached 0.04 m3m-3. Leaf water potentials and leaf turgor potentials of nonirrigated plants decreased to approximately −2.0 and 0 MPa, respectively, by the end of the experimental period. Leaf water potentials declined only gradually as the average volumetric soil water content in the upper 90 cm of soil decreased from 0.12 to 0.04 m3m-3. Further reductions in soil water content caused large reductions in leaf water potential. As volumetric soil moisture content decreased slightly below 0.04 m3m-3 in the upper 90 cm, leaf relative water content dropped to 86%, leaf water potential approached −1.6 MPa and leaf turgor potential decreased to 0 MPa. Concurrently, stomatal closure resulted and leaf temperature increased above air temperature. Osmotic potentials measured at 100% relative water content were similar for irrigated and nonirrigated plants, suggesting little or no osmotic regulation.