Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kadar Hemoglobin pada Ibu Menyusui di Desa Selokaton Kecamatan Sukorejo Kabupaten Kendal

Abstract

Latar belakang: Prevalensi anemia ibu pasca melahirkan di Indonesia cukup tinggi mencapai 45,1%, dan di Kabupaten Kendal tahun 2018 mencapai 99%. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar hemoglobin pada ibu menyusui di Desa Selokaton, Kecamatan Sukorejo, Kabupaten Kendal.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional menggunakan purposive sampling dan didapatkan sampel sebanyak 42 orang. Wawancara dan uji hemoglobin menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner, formulir recall 24 jam, dan HB POCT (Hemoglobin Point of Care Testing). Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson Product Moment dan uji korelasi Rank Spearman.Hasil: Sebagian besar ibu termasuk usia tidak berisiko (81%), berpendidikan lanjut (64,3%), tidak memiliki risiko KEK (95,2%), tidak memiliki paparan pestisida (97,6%), terpapar rokok (81,0%), kurang asupan zat besi (97,6%), kurang asupan vitamin C (76,2%), tidak rutin mengonsumsi TTD (85,7%), paritas ibu ≤3 (97,6). Hasil uji Pearson Product Moment menemukan tidak terdapat relevansi antara usia dengan kadar hemoglobin ibu (p=0,447). Hasil uji korelasi ­Rank Spearman menunjukkan tidak ada relevansi antara tingkat pendidikan (p=0,467), pendapatan keluarga (p=0,068), status gizi (p=0,590), paparan pestisida (p=0,808), paparan rokok (p=0,198), kecukupan asupan zat besi (p=0,082) dan kecukupan asupan vitamin C (p=0,136) dengan kadar hemoglobin ibu menyusui.Simpulan: Tidak terdapat korelasi antara usia, tingkat pendidikan, pendapatan keluarga, status gizi, paparan pestisida, paparan rokok, kecukupan asupan zat besi, dan kecukupan asupan vitamin C dengan kadar hemoglobin pada ibu menyusui Desa Selokaton. Terdapat kecenderungan faktor paparan rokok, kecukupan asupan zat besi dan kecukupan asupan vitamin C pada kadar hemoglobin ibu menyusui.Kata kunci: hemoglobin, karakteristik, asupan zat gizi, paparan pestisida, paparan rokok ABSTRACTTitle: Factors Affecting Hemoglobin Levels in Breastfeeding Mothers in Selokaton Village, Sukorejo District, Kendal RegencyBackground: Indonesia had 45.1% postpartum maternal anemia, while in 2018, Kendal Regency has 99%. The study sought to identify factors that affect breastfeeding mothers' hemoglobin levels in Selokaton Village, Sukorejo District, Kendal Regency.Method: This type of research is analytic and observational with a cross-sectional design using purposive sampling and a sample of 42 people. Research tools like questionnaires, 24-hour recall forms, and HB POCT (Hemoglobin Point of Care Testing) were used for interviews and hemoglobin tests. Bivariate analysis used the Pearson Product Moment correlation test and the Rank Spearman correlation test.Result: Most of the mothers were not at risk (81%), had advanced education (64.3%), did not have CED risk (95.2%), did not have exposure to pesticides (97.6%), were exposed to cigarettes (81.0%), had insufficient intake of iron (97.6%), had insufficient intake of vitamin C (76.2%), did not take iron tablets regularly (85.7%), and had maternal parity ≤3 (97.6%). The Pearson product moment test results found no relevance between age and maternal hemoglobin levels (p=0.447). Spearman's rank correlation test results showed no relevance between education level (p=0.467), family income (p=0.068), nutritional status (p=0.590), exposure to pesticides (p=0.808), exposure to cigarettes (p=0.198), adequacy of iron intake (p=0.082) and adequacy of vitamin C intake (p=0.136) with hemoglobin levels of lactating mothers.Conclusion: Age, education, family income, nutritional status, pesticide and cigarette exposure, iron and vitamin C intake, and hemoglobin levels in breastfeeding mothers in Selokaton Village are not related. Smoking, iron, and vitamin C intake affect hemoglobin levels in lactating mothers.Keywords:hemoglobin level, characteristic, nutritional intake, pesticide exposure, cigarette exposure