1. College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Beijing 100875, China
2. Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100085, China
3. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, No. 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
4. Joint Center for Global Change Studies, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Beijing 100875, China
5. Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, P.O. Box 122, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland