Knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacists regarding antibiotic usage and its possible trends

Abstract

Background & Objective: Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide issue. According to United Kingdom Government Commissioned Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, antimicrobial resistance might cause mortality of 10 million people each year by 2050. Microbes developed resistance to antimicrobial agents, largely due to irrational antibiotic use. The presence of a certified pharmacist, as well as prescriber's level of education and experience, are all linked to proper medication use. We aimed to find the differentiation in knowledge, attitude and practices of the pharmacists regarding the differences in experience, education level, graduation institute and working sector. Another area of our study was to ascertain the commonly prescribed antibiotics. Methodology: It was a quantitative, cross-sectional and multicenter study performed in Lahore, Pakistan. The sample size for prescriptions was 324, calculated by Daniel’s equation and 230 for questionnaires      by     convenient sampling. Questionnaires were administered to clinical, community, industrial and   academic pharmacists with consent. A data collection form was utilized for finding prescription patterns. Results: According to 72% community, 71% clinical, 53% industrial, and 69% academic pharmacists, samples for culture and sensitivity must be taken before starting antibiotics. Contrarily, 28% community, 19 % clinical, 10% industrial and 23% academic pharmacists disagreed upon the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, where narrow spectrum antibiotics were effective. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic was ceftriaxone (38.7%), followed by ciprofloxacin (6.8%) and meropenem (5.8%). Conclusion: The study found good knowledge, attitude and practices among pharmacists regarding antibiotic use. Negligible significant differences were observed in scores among pharmacists working under various set-ups. Irrational prescribing can be avoided by introducing training for physicians and pharmacists. Keywords: Antimicrobial Resistance, Pharmacist, Knowledge, Narrow Spectrum, Ceftriaxone, Irrational Prescribing Citation: Munir M, Riaz T, Waqar MA, Khan R, Javed M, Iqbal S, Shoukat S, Tayyab S, Abid SZ. Knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacists regarding antibiotic usage and its possible trends. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2024;28(3):495−502; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v28i3.2290 Received: September 14, 2023; Reviewed: March 14, 2024; Accepted: April 14, 2023