Fish Scales as a Biosorbent of Pollutants from Wastewaters and Natural Waters (a Literature Review)

Abstract

We have reviewed literature data on the use of various fish scales as a sorption material for extracting various pollutants (heavy metal ions, dyes, antibiotics) from waste and natural waters. The parameters of sorption interaction that ensure the greatest degree of pollutant removal are given in this paper. It is shown that the sorption capacity of fish scales can be increased by modifying various chemical reagents. The isotherms of pollutant adsorption with fish scales were found to be, in most cases, most adequately described by the Langmuir model, less often by the Freundlich model, and the pseudo-second second-order model most often describes the process kinetics.