Experimental models of atopic dermatitis for preclinical researches

Abstract

Introduction. The development of new methods and technologies for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AtD) is an urgent medical task due to the growing incidence of the disease, increasing frequency of severe, continuously relapsing forms of dermatosis resistant to both external and systemic therapy. Appropriate experimental models of laboratory animals are needed to test new methods of AtD treatment. The purpose of the study is to describe the technologies of creating experimental models for AtD in laboratory animals to conduct preclinical studies to evaluate the effectiveness of AtD therapy, based on foreign and domestic literature data. Materials and methods. A search in the bibliographic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, scientific electronic library Elibrary was conducted, 58 sources were selected for the literary review. Search keywords: atopic dermatitis, animal models, mouse models, preclinical studies. Results and discussion. Mouse models are mainly used to reproduce AtD. Experimental mouse models of AtD can be divided into three groups: mice that spontaneously develop skin lesions similar to AtD; models using transgenic mice that either overexpress selective molecules or lack them; models induced cutaneous application of sensitizers. Typically, these models mimic various aspects of human AtD pathophysiology, such as defects in the skin barrier, Th2 predominance, with additional activation of Th1 and Th22 and, in some populations, Th17 immune response. Conclusion. Of the technologies for creating experimental models of AtD in laboratory animals, those with genetic predisposition and allergen-induced models are the closest to human AtD.