Topographic and anatomical substantiation of the use of vascularized flaps for plastic reconstruction of soft tissues of the alveolar ridge

Abstract

   Promising scientific research in modern dentistry and maxillofacial surgery is focused on solving the issues of long-term and stable results of implant treatment in the rehabilitation of patients with partial or complete absence of teeth in conditions of deficiency of the soft tissue component of the alveolar ridge. Clinicians have proposed a variety of plastic surgery techniques, in which soft tissue defects are simultaneously replaced with a vascularized flap, a revascularized autograft, or by stage-by-stage replacement of a defect with a pedunculated flap, followed by its cut-ting off and modeling, taking into account the individual characteristics of the formed area. The long-term clinical success of dental implantation is largely determined by the functional state and reactive properties of the soft tissues surrounding the implant, which play an important role not only in achieving a highly aesthetic result, but also in preventing complications of implant treatment. The use of an operative multi-stage method for reconstructing the soft tissue component of the alveolar ridge with a mu-coperiosteal vascularized flap from the bone palate, developed on animal biological dummies (pigs), allows you to pre-plan the volume of surgical intervention, as well as the shape of the donor and recipient zones. Topographic and anatomical substantia-tion of the optimal modeling of the mucoperiosteal flap from the bone palate will al-low avoiding excessive donor tissue sampling, minimizing the invasiveness and trauma of surgical intervention, forming a soft tissue buffer zone of the required vol-ume to prevent bone resorption in the peri-implant area, increase the service life of dental implants, increase the reliability of prosthetic designs and long-term operation.